Estrogen is one of the key sex hormones that is responsible for the development and regulation of the female reproductive system and secondary sex characteristics. It plays a vital role not just in reproduction but also in various other processes in the body.
What is estrogen?
- Estrogen refers to a group of hormones that act as the primary female sex hormones.
- The three major naturally occurring estrogens in women are estrone (E1), estradiol (E2), and estriol (E3).
- Estrogen is produced primarily by the ovaries, though small amounts are also produced by other tissues like fat cells and adrenal glands.
- Estrogen levels fluctuate during the menstrual cycle, with peaks just before ovulation.
Functions of estrogen
Estrogen is extremely important for various biological processes in females, including:
- Development of female reproductive organs like the uterus, fallopian tubes, cervix and vagina
- Regulation of the menstrual cycle
- Maintaining the lining of the uterus during the menstrual cycle
- Development of female secondary sex characteristics during puberty like breasts and pubic hair
- Regulating body fat distribution
- Supporting healthy bone density
- Influencing thyroid activity and cholesterol levels
Estrogen also plays a role in skin health, cognition, memory and heart health. Declining estrogen levels during
menopause often lead to unpleasant symptoms like hot flashes, night sweats, vaginal dryness, mood changes, trouble sleeping, etc.
Hormone replacement therapy containing estrogen may help relieve menopausal symptoms. But hormonal medications can have side effects, so consult your doctor.